Keller's ARCS Motivation Model

Keller's ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction) is a pedagogical framework, that can be used in conjunction with other frameworks, to enhance the motivation of a learner through intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.

Larson and Lockee (2014, p. 170) highlight that ARCS is an acronym that provides a guide for designing instruction:

• Gain and maintain the learner's Attention;
• Provide Relevance to make the connection between the instruction and the learner's personal learning goals explicit;
• Encourage the right amount of Confidence in the learner so that they make sufficient effort to learn the material; and
• Satisfy the learner that their needs will will be met by completing the instruction.